Summary of current research on gluten and immunity

The objective of this study was to find out if ingestion of gluten has any relationship with symptoms in individuals who are not celiac. The study was also meant to analyze the mechanism used in gluten ingestion. The observation that has led to this study was that when prescription of a diet without gluten is increased for symptoms that are gastrointestinal in people without celiac disease, there is no enough evidence to proof that the symptoms are triggered by gluten (Hopper, Cross Sanders, 2008).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Summary of current research on gluten and immunity specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The issue of individuals who are non-celiac not tolerating gluten is controversial and is currently not applicable to relate with sensitivity of gluten in man. However, there is very little evidence to support this claim because there are no controlled trials that are randomized in order to proof existen ce of the entity. Most descriptions that have been published so far are for patients with symptoms that are linked with celiac disease such as serology or who their duodenum have intraepithelial lymphocytosis. Some patients claimed to have improved considerably when they were administered with gluten-free diet, which support the claim that non-celiac gluten sensitivity exists (Gibson Shepherd, 2010). Gluten induces bloating, lack of consistent stool, pain in the abdomen and general tiredness. All patients indicated symptoms within one week after they were administered with gluten. For the placebo group it took longer and the symptoms were less severe. This happened for all the relevant symptoms of stool satisfaction, bloating and pain. Nausea symptom was less relevant and was not shown between the treatment groups. It was interesting to find out that, among other symptoms with substantial difference between the groups, tiredness was the greatest because at the endpoint the placebo had no apparent effect. For IBS patients, tiredness is common and when gluten is used to induce it, it provides relevance to the mechanism of action. It is important to answer the question on what mechanism symptoms were triggered by gluten due to anticipation that symptomatic improvement in some patients may have been reported for patients with celiac disease that had not been diagnosed (Hopper, Cross Sanders, 2008). This disease can be patchy and there is a possibility that some patients with the disease may have been among those who were included in the study. However, no significant variations were observed in celiac antibodies observed in either group. Patients with gut disorders are known to have prevalence in intolerance with non-celiac gluten.Advertising Looking for essay on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This study used highly selected patients because health professionals frequently failed to coop erate in the investigation work-up for celiac disease. Therapies that were self-administered with no investigation at all also posed a challenge to the study. It is important for researchers to use better methods to study these patients because the current methods are limited to ruling out celiac disease, prescription of gluten-free diet and rechallenge. Improved diagnostic can be achieved through better mechanisms of action and identifying the specific component of gluten responsible in inducing the symptoms (Hadjivassiliou, Williamson Woodroofe, 2004). In conclusion, gluten triggers gut symptoms and tiredness as this has been proofed through prescription of gluten free-diet for non-celiac patients with IBS. However, there was no evidence that gluten caused intestinal inflammation. Important questions to be studied and answered are how common the intolerance for non-celiac is and how one can identify it using a reliable method with proper identification of reliable mechanisms. Thi s should be done using a double-blind rechallenge trial that is placebo controlled and randomized on individuals with bowel syndromes that are irritable. The patients should be excluded from celiac disease and controlled symptomatically on a diet that is gluten-free. They should be fed on bread with gluten and a muffin daily with a gluten-free diet for 42 days. A visual analogue scale should be used to evaluate the symptoms (Hopper, Cross Sanders, 2008). References Gibson, P. Shepherd, S. (2010). Evidence-based dietary management of functional gastrointestinal disorders: The FODMAP approach. J Gastroenterol Hepatol, 25, 252-8. Hadjivassiliou, M, Williamson, C. Woodroofe, N. (2004). The immunology of gluten sensitivity: beyond the gut.Trends Immunol, 25, 578-82. Hopper, A, Cross, S. Sanders, D. (2008). Patchy villous atrophy in adult patients with suspected gluten-sensitive enteropathy: is a multiple duodenal biopsy strategy appropriate? Endoscopy, 40, 219-24.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Summary of current research on gluten and immunity specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This essay on Summary of current research on gluten and immunity was written and submitted by user Isabell Wilkinson to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

The eNotes Blog A Fun Introduction to History Books That Give an Insight to Days GoneBy

A Fun Introduction to History Books That Give an Insight to Days GoneBy Books are  passports to other  worlds, no matter how cheesy that sounds. With that in mind, theres something particularly fascinating about works of fiction that take encompass times and events that really occurred. That isnt to say that novels taking place outside the realm of real life arent wonderful- they are, but to be able to pick up a book and see what it was truly like to live as an average person during, say, the reign of King Henry VIII and the break with the Catholic Church? Well, that is something the average person would never be able to do without the help of author-historians. The Other Boleyn Girl by Philippa Gregory (Not to be biased, but this legitimately may be my favorite book of all time.) Anyone familiar with the history of King Henry VIII knows that this man had a lot of wives (six, to be exact). The most notorious of these wives was without a doubt the vixen named Anne Boleyn. Sure, the King married four women after her, but shes the one who forced him to exile his wife of many years (Queen Katherine) by breaking with the Catholic Church of Rome and forming his own (which became known as the Anglican Church). Its safe to say that  Anne was a powerful and ambitious lady. The Other Boleyn Girl is narrated by Annes sister Mary, a much kinder Boleyn daughter (and mother to a couple of the Kings children- thats in the novel too). Readers follow the story of the Boleyn family in their search for power and nobility to their eventual downfall- most people know that Annes story ended with a beheading. This novel is an absolutely fabulous melding of historical facts and beautiful storytelling. Girl with the Pearl Earring  by Tracy Chevalier The life of renowned Dutch painter Johannes Vermeer is not well-known in spite of the admiration his work continues to command, even in the modern world. What we know for sure is that this 17th-century artist rendered enchanting images of domestic life in still lifes and portraits of everyday people in the world that surrounded him. Our narrator is a young woman with the name of Griet, who is taken in by the painters house, doing menial housework in exchange for a basic living. Over time, Griet and her master, Vermeer, become increasingly close. Vermeer goes so far as to take the girl on as an apprentice, and later as a model- a model perhaps adorned  with pearl earrings. The story is full of rich detail and carefully follows the tumultuous experiences and emotions of its narrator, leading to an enrapturing tale. Memoirs of a Geisha by Arthur Golden Many people are familiar with the nature of what a geisha  is: essentially (and I mean essentially- theres much more to being a geisha than this) a geisha is an extremely beautiful and well-learned escort. (If you want to know more specifics, this book is a good place to start.) Including many accounts from one of Japans most premier geishas,  Memoirs of a Geisha gives its readers a look into what it was like to live in a world of shadowed glamour, where looks and etiquette meant everything, and where ones virginity was sold for top dollar. Fall of Giants  by Ken Follett The year is 1911. It is coronation day for King George V of Britain and, across the pond, Woodrow Wilson is up for election and aided by a fleet of ambitious men. Meanwhile, in Russia, two families are divided (Romeo and Juliet-style) by enmity and class differences, but united by controversial romance; the Williams family lives off their small  salary as  coal miners while the Fitzherberts own the very mine in which the Williamses work. Fall of Giants manages to seamlessly blend the lives of the rich and the poor, the young and the old, and the life of the East (i.e., Russia), and the West (i.e., the United States and Great Britain). Outlander by Diana Gabaldon This is a novel that takes some liberties by including a little bit of time travel (and its done very well and much to the storys benefit). Its 1945, and WWII has come  to a close. Claire Randall, a former combat nurse, has returned home to her husband, and the two trundle off to celebrate their reunion with a second honeymoon. Really, all of this sounds quite peachy- the war is over, lovers are reunited, and the future looks bright. That is, until Claire takes a weird turn through one of the Standing Stones of the British Isles and finds herself an outlander, in other words, an enemy of sorts to the warring clans of Scotland- back in 1743. Understandably bamboozled, our narrator finds herself trying to survive amidst war, spies, and treachery. As if that isnt enough, she also meets a man who shows her more intense love than shes ever known in her life. Claire is now torn not only between two time periods, but between two great loves. The Book Thief by Markus Zusak By being narrated by Death, already  The Book Thief has a bit of a hook. The novel is set during the Nazi partys rise to power and the onset of WWII. Our protagonist is a young girl living outside of Munich with a foster family. After learning to read under the tutelage of her adoptive father, our heroine realizes her love of books and reads everything she can get her hands on, even if that means a little thievery. When her family decides to take in and hide a young Jewish boy in their basement, she beings to read to him too- that is, up until they begin  the march to Dachau Atonement by Ian McEwan In 1934, it is safe to say that there were different ideas of  what went into a courtship and, eventually, an appropriate relationship. It is also safe to say that the average thirteen-year-old girl (particularly during this time period) would not be entirely privy to the nature of romantic inclination. When thirteen-year-old Briony spots her older sister and the son of their servant getting a little flirtatious, the young girl misconstrues his intentions to be of a more aggressive nature than they perhaps are. This little misunderstanding leads to a hefty amount of trouble for all parties involved. Atonement  takes place during  WWII (as so many of the books on this list seem to) and follows our characters to the conclusion of the twentieth century. We are given a glimpse into the lives of people during this time period, for better or for worse.

Management of Quality Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Management of Quality - Essay Example This compelled the organization to reinforce the quality of the process that every step. A consultant was hired who recommended the use of bespoke quality management in the organization that will facilitate in incorporating major quality improvement programs (Nobel 2011; Kuballa 2007; Kanji 1995). This was a top down approach in which the significant projects were identified and were controlled by trained team. It is quite significant for the senior management to implement bespoke quality management system with instructive and constructive quality management that allows the employees to contribute towards the improvement of the organizational functions. Quality management should not be procedural like for instance the ideas that are brought by the employees should be turned down by the managers. In the top down approach of quality management, the effort made towards the quality development is cascaded down to other levels of the organization. In the top down approach of quality manag ement the senior level managers are only involved. The top down approach has certain advantages that are discussed below: In the top down approach the senior management is involved, which signifies quality management is a time taking process and senior management will be aware of it. This will make the availability of time and financial resources for the process. Any changes in the organization require proper mentoring from the senior officials. In this method the employees will get proper monitoring from the higher officials. Figure 1: Top down Approach Sources: (Author’s Creation) However, this method is not free from limitations. The primary limitation in this method is: Unnecessary delay is caused if the senior officials are not fully operational related to the changes in the quality management required. Enhancing the quality process requires use of different techniques and tools. It also requires interaction of the top management with the middle management on an everyday basis, which is unrealistic, and counterproductive (Schiller, Kovach and Miller 1994). The employees who are directly dealing with the process are seen to possess better knowledge as compared to the members of the top management. Thus, they can implement the quality changes better. Quality management system was implemented by the organization in the second stage. It is the system in which both the quality objectives and policies required to achieve those objectives are decided (Williams and Buswell 2003). The main advantage of this system is that it involves the officials of the top management and the employees from every level. This signifies the involvement of all the people from different levels of the organization. The problems in this system is that it requires a high amount of effort and documentation, often focuses on third party certification rather than business improvement and hinders business if it is self-fulfilling (OECD 2001). Figure 2: Quality Management system Sourc e: (Author’s Creation) Answer 2: A Quality management system (QMS) is a management technique that is used to communicate with the employees regarding how they can produce the desired quality of services and products. Along with this, it also looks at influencing the employee action related to the quality specification in completion of the task. There are two types of quality managemen